Facilitating factors to effectively link research to action are personal contacts between researchers and policy makers, timeliness and relevance of the research, and producing the research in a format that is actionable with clear policy recommendations and implications for implementation into practice (18, 19).
The studies reported were all carried out under different health systems which may have been influenced by different payment systems, admission and discharge policies, and timeliness of data [ 40].
From the two systematic reviews on the subject, common factors are emerging such as: interactions and personal contact between researchers and policy-makers, timeliness and relevance of the research findings, the inclusion of summaries with clear recommendations, mistrust between researchers and policy-makers, and power and budget struggles [ 3, 7].
Deployment guidelines are given for WSN with random sleep scheduling policy satisfying reliability, timeliness and duty cycle requirements.
Scobie et al. [16] reported the following measurement items of healthcare service quality: accessibility, tangibles, efficient costs, values, timeliness, policy and implementation to improve quality, understanding the expected value of customers, and capabilities of the hospital.
The policy defines applicability of timeliness for the data source (Twitter).
The three are: personal contact between researchers and policy-makers (13/24); the timeliness and relevance of research (13/24); and the inclusion of a summary with clear recommendations (11/24) [ 22].
Links with those who use and benefit from research, such as communities, service providers and policy makers, contribute to the timeliness and relevance of the research agenda and a receptive research-policy-practice interface.
One systematic review found that interactions between researchers and policy makers and timing and timeliness increased the prospects for research use, whereas individuals' negative attitudes toward research and their lack of skills decreased the prospects for research use [ 5, 23].
These include personal contact between researchers and policy makers during the research; timeliness of the research; relevance of the research; research summarization focused on decision maker needs; and inclusion of budgetary considerations within the research [ 25, 26].
