Four others — Michigan, Arkansas, Texas and Tennessee — have laws similar to New Jersey's policy of testing pregnant women.
But Lockney's policy of testing every student has shattered any boundaries.
Pujols said baseball's policy of testing for steroids was a good thing.
In 1990, he started a policy of testing bodies for H.I.V., referring many cases to the City Health Department to notify people who may have been unwittingly exposed.
Ms. Lykos, who was not the district attorney when Mr. Rachell was prosecuted, said the office had no policy of testing forensic evidence before trial, something she said would change.
When George W. Bush became President, in 2001, he brought with him the "Texas miracle," a policy of testing that, under the leadership of the Houston schools superintendent, Rod Paige, whom Bush made his Education Secretary, had produced a dramatic rise in math and reading scores.
A policy of testing and slaughtering of infected animals brought the disease under control by the 1960s, but the number of outbreaks in the last three decades has been rising exponentially, according to a recent government report.
Presumed consent is also often invoked in order to legitimize a general policy of harvesting organs from healthy deceased persons to use in transplantation, unless they explicitly indicated their opposition, and a similar general policy of testing all incoming patients for HIV except those who explicitly request not to be tested.
Results: The policy of testing and treating was less cost-effective than neither testing nor treating, unless the cost of the diagnostic test were less than or equal to US$100, or the prevalence of infection in women were greater than 8.3.
Last year, the Salish & Kootenai Housing Authority started a policy of testing each of its public housing units upon a renter vacating.
