Policy-makers apply multiple policy instruments simultaneously in the climate and energy policy field at both EU and Member State levels.
Thus, policy makers should apply this model when more data are available to guide the SPR construction.
Energy and plant managers at bakeries can use this information to cost-effectively reduce energy consumption while utilities and policy makers can apply the findings to energy efficiency program design.
Clinicians, researchers, and perhaps even health policy makers, can apply this information to make decisions concerning the optimal assessment intervals and to predict recovery post arthroplasty.
Furthermore, with sufficient details, policy makers could apply local costs to the model outputs on tests and colorectal cancer diagnoses and estimate cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in their particular setting.
This approach both flags the possibility that undiagnosed diabetes may be a problem of less disadvantaged social groups, and provides a tool to identify areas with high levels of unmet need for diabetes care which would enable policy makers to apply geographic targeting of effective interventions.
"There are no inflationary pressures, so policy makers can certainly apply as much stimulus as they like," said Anthony Chan, chief economist at Banc One Investment Advisers in Columbus, Ohio.
Policy makers could also apply lower tax rates retroactively: If the Bush-era tax cuts expired for all households in January, they could be reapplied in February.
Practitioners and policy makers may also apply this concept to bolster a particularly crucial part of PMTCT: male attendance.
Therefore, it is imperative that strategies be developed that equip or support health professionals to more routinely and effectively implement innovations, including researchers who develop innovations, and research users (clinicians, managers, policy-makers) who apply them in policy or practice.
In sum, we encourage regulators, risk-minimization practitioners, policy makers, and researchers to apply implementation science best practices in order to improve the public health impact of this important regulatory tool.
