Some economists assert that "good luck" seems to have played a greater role than good policies have in causing Peru's notable economic performance—see for example Mendoza (2013).
At the time, as a junior member with little clout, Ryan was a reliable Republican vote for policies that were key in causing enormous federal budget deficits: sweeping tax cuts, a costly prescription-drug entitlement for Medicare, two wars, the multibillion-dollar bank-bailout legislation known as TARP.
Tighter monetary policy has played a role in causing the stock market to swoon this year and in prodding banks to stiffen their lending standards.
Meanwhile, the Haitian government has refused to issue travel documents to deportees, and the United States authorities said they were worried that confusion in Haiti over American policy was causing a surge in the numbers of Haitians trying to flee their country.
He tells of the family of recent Cuban immigrants with a $500m fortune who won American government contracts set aside for disadvantaged minorities, and of how preferential policies in Nigeria and Sri Lanka caused ethnic polarisation and, eventually, civil war.
In April, the Bank of Scotland warned that the policy was causing a shift in drinking habits which was damaging financial growth.
Rockey expects the new policy to cause "an uptick" in the number of applications NIH receives, but, because most investigators submit only one application at a time, she thinks the number of applications will eventually revert to the old level.
Vivek Wadwha suggested in his book 'The Immigrant Exodus' that the changes to U.S. immigration policy was causing a brain drain in Silicon Valley.
Ban said Israeli policy in Gaza was causing "unacceptable suffering".
Robert Kagan has argued, in an article in the American journal Policy Review that caused much discussion in Europe this summer, that this Hamlet-like approach reflects a deep transatlantic difference in the attitude to power.
Shadow energy secretary Caroline Flint said Mr Cameron had thrown energy policy into "confusion", causing "chaos" in the energy industry.
