In one of the reversals of policy characteristic of their manipulation of the nomads, the Jin attacked their onetime allies the Tatars.
By then America stood alone in the West in continuing to ban gays from the military, a policy characteristic of Third World, authoritarian, and Islamist nations.
Grindle and Thomas (1991) focus on the implications of policy characteristics for the distribution of costs and benefits to key stakeholders.
Scholars have emphasized that government policies, characteristics of the local context (e.g. availability of logistic infrastructure, financial investors, and externalities) and, more specifically, university support mechanisms influence entrepreneurial activities (Morris & Lewis, 1995; Fini et al., 2009).
The framework describes how healthcare utilization is influenced by health policies, characteristics of the available healthcare delivery system s), and characteristics of the population at risk [ 10].
Prior studies have found that external competition, influence of government policies, characteristics of target audience, and source of funds required for introducing new IS [ 42, 54, 55] are key factors for successful IT implementation.
An organizational environment is the environment in which an organization exists, including external competition, influence of government policies, characteristics of the target audience, and source of funds required for unit operations [ 42, 54, 55].
Research implications suggest that managers should consider maximizing the benefits of these policy characteristics to induce consumers to read the policy and make it a significant consideration in sharing personal information.
This paper argues that policy characteristics, such as, simplicity, age of the policy, precision of the policy, policy approach, public involvement and participation, and policy credibility and consistency, can affect transaction costs in any policy.
The acceptability of a policy is influenced by policy characteristics such as the distribution of the costs and benefits associated with its implementation across policy actors and society, which in turn affects the level of support or opposition to the policy from various stakeholders (Kingdon 1984).
