This paper argues that policy characteristics, such as, simplicity, age of the policy, precision of the policy, policy approach, public involvement and participation, and policy credibility and consistency, can affect transaction costs in any policy.
This study examined how policy characteristics (i.e. push versus pull measure and high versus low cost behaviour targeted) and social norms (i.e. strong versus weak social norms) influence the acceptability of environmental policies.
Research implications suggest that managers should consider maximizing the benefits of these policy characteristics to induce consumers to read the policy and make it a significant consideration in sharing personal information.
The main advantage is the possibility to estimate ex-ante the willingness to pay [79] or the substitution rate between different policy characteristics (e.g. access fee and number of loading and unloading bays inside a Limited Traffic Zone).
If they are, do we just set aside the unmistakable foreign policy characteristics of the above two issues -- trade and immigration -- not to mention the other international issues (current gas prices hurt!) that affect their everyday lives?
This allows forecasting of the likely uptake of various policy options, given particular policy characteristics.
(I17) The previous section has outlined how shifts in context, policy circumstances and policy characteristics leading up to the mid-2000s widened the policy space for family planning.
Table 1 summarizes contextual factors, policy circumstances and policy characteristics, comparing their impact on policy space during the second half of the 1990s with the years since 2000.
Grindle and Thomas (1991) focus on the implications of policy characteristics for the distribution of costs and benefits to key stakeholders.
