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The flow breaks up into three separate cells known as the Hadley cell, the Ferrell cell and the Polar cell.
We observe a bright green fluorescent, presumably actin-rich, polar cell proboscis that inserts itself into the forming micropyle and appears to maintain an opening for sperm passage around which the chorion is formed.
Polar cell differentiation is essential for stalk cell formation, and for proper egg chamber encapsulation.
Loss of Bni1 causes a widened bud neck and reduced polar cell growth, while loss of Bnr1 causes only a slight delay in cell separation [49], [53] [57].
In the "primordial ommatidium," the cell closer to the equator, the equatorial cell, adopts the R3 cell fate whereas the more polar cell adopts the R4 cell fate (Fig. 1A, larva).
Secondly, we utilized anti-EyA, which recognizes Eyes absent protein (EyA), a DNA-associated phosphatase that represses polar cell fate and is enriched in all follicle cells except the polar cells [11], [26] (Fig. 5B).
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Adhesion between motile cells and polar cells holds the cluster together and polarizes each individual cell.
The plant hormone auxin plays a central role in establishing these patterns by promoting organ formation at sites where it accumulates due to its polar, cell-to-cell transport [2 6].
These polar cells grow within the mother cell's cytoplasm, until the mother cell eventually bursts open and dies.
This gene is ubiquitously expressed during embryonic and larval development with the highest level in polar cells, gut and salivary glands.
In the first part of the paper, the constructal law is invoked to optimize the latitude of the boundary between the Hadley and the Ferrel cells, and the boundary between the Ferrel and the Polar cells.
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