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The AUC is calculated as followed: AUC = (A U C = ∑ t 0 t 1 1.0 − NPS ), where t0 is starting time point of pupil response summation, t1 is stopping time point of summation, 1.0 is a baseline pupil size (BS), and NPS is normalized pupil size (actual pupil size divided by BS).
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The exponent k signifies the degree of summation.
Mr. Noonan delivered a point-by-point summation of BMW's sustainability efforts at Spartanburg, beginning with keeping the building cool.
Based on the concept of the influence function method, the final subsidence at a surface point is the summation of all influences received at this point caused by the extraction in the coal seam within the influence boundaries.
Then, for a given point of interest, the crash intensity is a summation of the entire overlapping surface due to the crashes.
Each data point was the summation of 20 spectra, acquired with 50 laser shots.
The next to last bullet point, in the summation of conclusions (p. 144), states: "Successful evolutionary inventions are subject to amplification, reuse, and adaptation to new functions in response to successive ecological changes".
It seems to me to be some sort of summation".
This later has two different types of summation: S-summation neuron (summation units) and D-summation neuron (a single division unit).
Here instead of summation an integral should be calculated.
Hence, additional concentrated load is added at the point of discontinuity, with a value equal to the summation of end concentrated loads for the two intersecting segments.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com