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The critical bending moment is defined as the maximum moment at the critical point of bending vs. compressive strain curve, while the corresponding stress and strain are critical compressive stress and critical compressive strain.
Calibrated von Frey Filaments (Stoelting Co., Wood Dale, IL) were applied to the point of bending for 4 sec or until withdrawal.
(21 and 22) Crushing strength 1 st (Crush1) and 2 nd internodes (Crush2): measured as the force in kg required crushing, to the point of bending, a cut stem section.
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It had to be no more than a quarter of an inch (6.4mm) thick at any point, and capable of bending slightly.
In any slit, the stress concentration point of the bending load is different from that of the torsional load.
Also, it was concluded that greater FRP strap lengths were needed at the point of pure bending than at the balanced point.
We defined two trajectory ratios: (1) The area ratio was defined as the quotient between the partial area under the curve in the first portion of the movement, up to the point of maximum bending κ, and the total area enclosed between the curve and the line.
I would like to point out that the product of bending stiffness and spontaneous curvature difference already is the coupling parameter connecting curvature and local composition.
Strain was applied as previously described [19,20] through 600 cycles of four point bending of the strips with a peak strain of 3400 με.
Moreover, the stress concentration points of the bending load are different from those of the torsional load as will be described in the simulation section.
The model is then employed in a finite element analysis of three point bending tests of sandwich beams failing by core indentation.
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