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The result may be generalized to apply to any distribution of point charges.
There is also the differential effect of the array of the point charges on the energies of the d orbitals of the ion.
Crystal field theory is an artificial parameterization of the bonding in complexes, for it models the actual bonding in terms of an array of point charges.
Here the critics have more of a point: charges have been a drag on the performance of individual accounts in Britain, as in many other countries.
One is the electrostatic attraction between the central cation and the negative point charges, which is largely responsible for the stability of the complex.
The administration estimates that the $200 surcharge for an unsafe driving conviction will produce $45 million a year, and the added point charges, $5 million.
Figure 5 Electrostatic maps and point charges.
The electrostatic potential is calculated from this point charges and projected onto the crystalline surface.
Thus, ionized P-donors are left behind as fixed positive point charges.
During this step, atomic point charges were calculated via antechamber using AM1-BCC [17] method.
Frontier electron densities and point charges were calculated using Gaussian 03 program.
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