With 1.2 billion people speaking dozens of languages, multiple pockets of deep impoverishment and exploitation, and weak rural infrastructure, "it doesn't get harder than the most difficult contexts in India," said Rod Curtis, a spokesman for Unicef.
Rajendra Pachauri, chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which produced the report, told BBC News: "Even in rich countries, the impacts of climate change could lead to greater incidents of pockets of poverty, even in rich countries could lead to impoverishment of some particular communities.
There is a need to mitigate the serious adverse effects of high out-of-pocket expenditure, including impoverishment of catastrophic spending and cost of complications.
The search terms were "tuberculosis" (tuberculosis, TB, or tuberculosis as a MeSH Term in PubMed) and "cost" (cost(s), expense(s), economic, expenditure(s), payment(s), out-of-pocket, financial, impoverishment, or catastrophic).
High out-of-pocket (OOP) spending is a leading cause of impoverishment in low- and middle-income countries and a significant financial barrier to accessing care.
In many resource-poor settings, access to affordable and appropriate health care remains a major concern, with out-of-pocket expenditure for health care a major cause of impoverishment (Meessen et al. 2003; Frenk et al. 2006; McIntyre et al. 2006).
Xu and colleagues in their examination of data from household surveys in 59 countries, argue that middle and low income countries in particular ought to address gaps in their health policy in terms of available health services, health insurance, out-of-pocket payments and financial risk protection to minimise catastrophic health expenditures and potential consequences of impoverishment [ 37].
And to banish the spectre of impoverishment through illness.
The comic spirit drains out of the movie; the flatness now seems a kind of impoverishment.
