In 1994, after a reported (but never confirmed) outbreak of pneumonic plague, it became famous for squalor, gridlock, slums and rotten management.
Only those in relatively well-managed Gujarat where an outbreak of pneumonic plague in 1994 spurred a major clean-up are getting muclean-up areat will turn back the muck?
Soya probably reached the Americas from China.There are less happy histories, of course, like that of the Black Death a mixture, probably, of bubonic and pneumonic plague, though even now no one is quite sure which in the 14th century dispatched around 30% of Europe's human population.
During World War II, Japan is said to have spread Yersinia-infected fleas in selected areas of China, and during the Cold War the United States and the Soviet Union developed means for spreading Yersinia directly as an aerosol a particularly efficient way to infect people with lethal pneumonic plague.
To judge from Procopius's description of its symptoms at Constantinople in 542, the disease then appeared in its more-virulent pneumonic form, wherein the bacilli settle in the lungs of the victims.
Among the agents deemed likely candidates for biological weapons use are the toxins ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), botulinum toxin, and T-2 mycotoxin and the infectious agents responsible for anthrax, brucellosis, cholera, pneumonic plague, tularemia, Q fever, smallpox, glanders, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and viral hemorrhagic fever.
The Black Death, a pandemic of both bubonic and pneumonic plague that was carried on shipboard from the Levant, reached Provence in 1347, ravaged most of France in 1348, and faded out only in 1350.
The disease in humans has three clinical forms: bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic.
Galleys and cogs brought the plague in its bubonic and pneumonic forms to Messina in early October 1347.
The Black Death, possibly a combination of bubonic and pneumonic plagues, carried off from one-third to one-half of the population.
But if it is allowed to spread to the lungs and become pneumonic plague – and passed on through saliva – patients can die within 24 hours of infection, and the mortality rate is "always very high".
