Taniai H, Iida K, Seki M, Saito M, Shiota S, Nakayama H, Yoshida S: Concerted action of lactate oxidase and pyruvate oxidase in aerobic growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae: role of lactate as an energy source.
Thus, although RAGE contributed to lung inflammation during experimental S. aureus pneumonia, its role was modest and was unlikely to be mediated by HMGB1.
To the Editor: Chlamydophila pneumoniae causes pneumonia, but its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is controversial (1 – 4 ).
It is also considered an agent of pneumonia, although its role as primary or secondary respiratory pathogen has been controversial [ 1].
Additionally, in vivo neutralization of IL-27 or administration of IL-17A during postinfluenza pneumococcal pneumonia restored the role of γδ T cells in combating secondary pneumococcal infection.
The humoral immune system is crucial to the effective response against bacterial infections such as pneumonia, but its role in immune frailty has not been well studied.
Scientists have accumulated considerable evidence linking chronic infections, particularly from C. pneumoniae, to a role in coronary artery disease.
Exacerbation of asthma is often precipitated by a viral respiratory infection, and atypical bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae may play a role in its pathogenesis [ 23– 25].
COX-2 induction is caused by a variety of stimuli, including bacteria and virus, and it has been shown to play an important role in pneumonia as previously demonstrated for influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections [ 29- 31].
In 2010, the World Health Assembly passed a resolution recognizing the role of pneumonia as the leading cause of deaths in children, setting out the goal of reducing pneumonia deaths as a global health priority (6 ), and the World Health Organization began tracking implementation of GAPP.
TREM-2 (a negative TLR regulator) may also have a role in pneumonia (2), but there is a paucity of data in humans.
