Sentence examples for pm birth from inspiring English sources

Future studies that include biomarkers of exposure/effect and are informed by biologic pathways will help tease out those aspects of SES that explain differences in PM birth effects among population subgroups.

Certainly many factors could function as mediators of the association between PM and birth outcomes.

Many epidemiological studies have found associations between exposure to ambient PM and preterm birth or birth weight (for reviews, see Bosetti et al. 2010; Glinianaia et al. 2004).

A number of studies have associated exposure to particulate matter (PM) with adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight.

PM constituents and birth head circumference.

Future work could study if the effect of PM on preterm birth is modified by polymorphisms in proinflammatory cytokine genes.

As is described in more detail below and illustrated in Figure 1, dietary composition has been demonstrated to relate to those same biologic mechanisms hypothesized to explain the possible effects of PM exposure on birth outcomes.

We calculated three types of long-term exposure: a) lifetime exposure, based on PM levels from birth to death or end of eligibility for outcome (1 year of age), b) gestational exposure (from conception to birth), and c) exposure for each trimester.

We recruited healthy PM+ and PM- infants at birth.

The sex ratios presented in this paper are the number of female births per 1000 male births, calculated as (Pf/Pm)×1000, where Pf is the proportion of total female births and Pm is the proportion of total male births.

We aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to elemental constituents of PM with term low birth weight (LBW; weight < 2,500 g among births after 37 weeks of gestation), mean birth weight, and head circumference, relying on standardized fine-scale exposure assessment and with extensive control for potential confounders.