Both Turkey's secular elite and its moderate Islamic-backed politicians think that Europe's pluralist model can best protect their values and interests.
These concerns have led to modifications of the pluralist model; an elitist perspective, such as that advanced by American political scientist Theodore Lowi, considers groups, interests, and individuals that are well-connected to government policy makers and well-financed as prime movers in interest-group activity and policy making.
These findings lead us to question the applicability of a strict pluralist model in accounting policy research and have implications for future research in corporate political activity, corporate tax accounting, and the political economy of accounting.
"Pluralist" models also took inspiration from this idea, placing among the essential conditions of good functioning of democracy the existence of fragmented, "overlapping majorities", guaranteeing an adequate replacement of power and the fact that no faction systematically find itself at a disadvantage (Dahl 1961 , 1978.
He praised the author for supporting his model with case history: "As a purely philosophical matter, Nelson's pluralist framework is certainly intriguing.
The model must be more than a mere talking point, though, and Nelson wisely endeavors to show how the pluralist framework can be deployed as a means of resolving actual cases".
In the next section, we will consider some relatively more recent work in which genic selectionism is defended through a pluralist approach to modeling.
Depending on the purpose, Levey continues, one might further differentiate liberal (Kymlicka, 1995), democratic (Young, 1990), political (Modood, 2007) and pluralist (Crowder, 2002) models of multiculturalism, each emphasizing different fundamental values or ways of proceeding.
As he shows in 'Shalimar the Clown', Kashmiri Islam was - until the 1960s - a model of pluralist tolerance.
But if tensions increase, the council, with its careful divisions along religious and ethnic lines, could as easily be the midwife of a divided Iraq as the model of a pluralist civil society.
Citizenship education in Denmark concentrates on reproducing a historically derived core of cultural values and knowledge to which minorities are expected to assimilate, while the Swedish model subscribes to a pluralist view that stresses mutual adaptation and intercultural tolerance.
