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Exact(1)
The plethora of stigma measures, developed from numerous different ideological models (e.g., labeling theory [ 189]; attribution framework model [ 61]; cognitive behavioral model [ 190]; and social stigma model [ 191], has made evaluation of their validity in addressing stigma/attitudes challenging.
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I experienced a lot of stigma.
And that's because of stigma.
A huge component of stigma is shame.
That is the silencing effect of stigma.
That's a product of stigma really.
The types of stigma that most contributed to this effect were treatment stigma and internalised stigma, whereas perceived stigma only showed a relatively weak association.
G. Elongation and imbrications of stigma (asterisks).
Felt stigma was more frequently reported than enacted stigma, with over 70% having experienced this form of stigma.
After a conceptual overview of stigma we discuss two leading concepts of mental illness stigma and consequences of stigma, focussing on self-stigma/empowerment and fear of stigma as a barrier to using health services.
"There's a lot of stigma".
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com