Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(1)
Exact(16)
The detailed pleading requirements would require the NPEs to incur more costs in preparing their complaints against individual companies while the discovery limits and protections for secondary users would reduce defensive costs for smaller technology companies.
In 1995, Congress passed the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act, which, among other things, introduced very strict pleading requirements via SEA §21D.
The Court noted that any such requirement would "change the traditional pleading requirements for §1983 actions," which we were not at liberty to do.
The persistence, and pleading creativity, of the plaintiffs' bar have made the heightened pleading requirements less of a death knell than many expected at the time of enactment.
The allegations are not sufficiently specific to Citigroup or to the director defendants to meet the strict pleading requirements of Rule 23.1.
More weak cases are getting dismissed at the motion to dismiss stage because of the heightened pleading requirements that were imposed by the Reform Act, thereby reducing the inventory of cases available for settlement.
Similar(44)
We view the Fifth Amendment's Property Clause to be more than a pleading requirement, and compliance with it to be more than an exercise in cleverness and imagination.
And while the Court in Glossip did not understand itself to be bound by Hill, see Glossip, 576 U. S., at ___ (slip op., at 15) (distinguishing Hill on the theory that Hill merely rejected a heightened pleading requirement for §1983 suits), the two decisions remain in considerable tension.
The McDonnell Douglas frameworkwhich requires the plaintiff to show (1) membership in a protected group, (2) qualification for the job in question, (3) an adverse employment action, and (4) circumstances supporting an inference of discriminationis an evidentiary standard, not a pleading requirement.
The PSLRA did not, however, heighten the pleading requirement for materiality, a notoriously vague element of plaintiffs' prima facie case under not only Rule 10b-5, but also Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933, and which serves to define the scope of public companies' disclosure obligations more generally.
CHICAGO — Signs are growing that the government may allow farmers to plant crops on millions of acres of conservation land, while a chorus of voices is also pleading with Washington to cut requirements for ethanol production.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com