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How do ignorant players learn to play equilibria if sophisticated players don't show them, because the sophisticated are incentivized to play equilibrium strategies until the ignorant have learned?
In situations where two steps are required, though, teams play equilibrium much more often.
The existing literature on team decision making has mainly focused on whether or not teams play equilibrium strategies more often than individuals, and our experiment can also answer this question affirmatively.
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Taking a game's complexity into account we find that individuals and teams do not differ in the likelihood of playing equilibrium when they have a dominant strategy or need more than two steps of iterated dominance.
Yet, for decisions with two rounds of iterated dominance teams choose (and think that they are expected to choose) more often the equilibrium-strategy. 13 Result 2: Overall, teams play the equilibrium strategy significantly more often than individuals.
Furthermore, unlike the traditional subjects of experimental economics—university students in industrialized countries—Henrich et al.'s subjects did not even play Nash equilibrium strategies with respect to monetary payoffs.
Unless players have experienced play at equilibrium with one another in the past, even if they are all economically rational and all believe this about one another, we should predict that they will attach some positive probability to the conjecture that understanding of game structures among some players is imperfect.
A woman in one solo keeps striking balances and brightly falling out of them, playing with equilibrium in a way that points the way to the style of the 20th-century George Balanchine.
Figure 13 State-grouped Markov chain for the transmitter and jammer playing Nash equilibrium (a,b).
Here, the red line shows the payoff obtained when both players are playing Nash equilibrium strategies.
Hence, in each step, every player plays an equilibrium strategy corresponding to that step.
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