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Exact(7)
Lengthening of the humerus was first reported by Dick and Tietjen in 1978 using a Wagner fixator, plating and bone grafting [3].
The current standard of care includes ORIF with compression plating and bone grafting, but even this technique has an approximated 10% failure rate.
The stress fracture had failed to unite over a period of 2 years despite attempts at both conservative and surgical treatment with proximal tibia plating and bone graft augmentation.
One of them needed a bone graft and was splinted in an above-knee cast for two months, followed by orthosis to protect the bone for six months; the other was internally fixed by plating and bone graft.
Many surgical techniques have been described to address humeral shaft nonunion including: open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF) with compression plating and bone graft, dual plating, cortical strut allograft and autograft, and adding biologic augmentation (BMP).
Objectives: To compare the use of an injectable calcium phosphate cement (Skeletal Repair System (SRS), Norian corporation, Cupertino, CA) and minimal internal fixation with buttress plating and bone grafting for lateral tibial plateau fractures.
Similar(53)
The abnormalities extend to the disc, annulus fibrosus, end plates and bone marrow of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
Usually, an opening wedge osteotomy using dorsal plates and bone grafting has been performed for malunited Colles' fractures [9].
Locking plates rely on fixed angle screws to provide stability rather than the friction between the plate and bone generated by screw torque [17].
Intraoperative adjuncts such as screws, plates, and bone grafts will help address unexpected bone defects, coexisting adjacent joints arthritis, and other hindfoot and midfoot deformities.
On imaging the degenerative process usually starts within the nucleolus pulposus (A-changes) and extend to the disc, annulus fibrosus, end plates and bone marrow of the adjacent vertebral bodies (B-changes).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com