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The main issue concerning the extrudability of a bone cement is determined by factors like the liquid to powder ratio (LPR), the plastic limit (which is the smallest liquid to powder ratio needed to form plastic paste), the grain size distribution, the zeta-potential, and steric stabilisation [ 19– 219.
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Recognition that trans and saturated fats have negative health effects drive researchers to develop alternative systems that can structure liquid oils into semi-solid plastic pastes for food applications.
A microscopic study on the plastic-paste interface was performed.
On the other hand, the shape and size of the particles of the used SCBA produced more viscous and plastic binary pastes and mortars than mixes without the SCBA.
Once this is mixed together with water, it forms a plastic-like paste.
And also used in a diverse range of consumer products, including plastics, soaps, pastes, food and textiles, increasing their market value [7, 8, 9].
Besides, AgNPs exhibit broad-spectrum bactericidal and fungicidal activity [6] that has made them extremely popular in a diverse range of consumer products, including plastics, soaps, pastes, food, and textiles, increasing their market value [7].
Parameters Values Rheological properties of cement paste Plastic viscosity (Pa s) 1.0 Yield stress (Pa) 10.0 Rheological properties of mortar Plastic viscosity (Pa s) 2.5 Yield stress (Pa) 10.0 Maximum solid fraction ϕs,max 0.675 ϕg,max 0.645 Volume fraction ϕ s 0.458 ϕ g 0.349 Intrinsic viscosity η s 3.5 η g 6.0 s and g mean sand and aggregate, respectively.
Surface raveling is the single most common distress caused primarily by plastic drying and paste shrinkage.
A microscopic study of the interfacial zone (plastic binder) has shown that there is an adhesion between plastic and cement paste (case 28 days of hydration).
When the content of ultrafine CFBFA was 50%, the yield stress and plastic viscosity of paste system were reduced by 45% and 54%, respectively, and the fluidity of system was improved.
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