Table 3 Antimicrobial activities of the three different solvent extracts of ex vitro Bacopa monnieri plants Solvent Extract conc.
For an integrated image of the differences between plants, solvent type and concentrations of bioactive molecules extracted, the EF mean values at 270 290 nm (for phenolic compounds derivatives extracted in AA, W and M) (EFAA1, EFW1, EFM1) and at 317 340 nm (for flavonoid derivatives) (EFAA2, EFW2, EFM2) were represented for each of the 6 samples.
In the Box-Behnken three parameters were evaluated in three levels (−1, 0, +1), particle size, time and plant:solvent ratio.
A three-level Box Behnken design was applied for this purpose, using ethanol concentration (X1), extraction time (X2) and plant:solvent ratio (X3) as factors.
The optimal extraction from surface response methodology was achieved with the parameters granulometry of 710 nm, 9 days of maceration and plant:solvent ratio 1 54 (w/v).
After screening, time and temperature were selected for optimization, while plant:solvent ratio was set at 1 50 (m/v), number of extractions at one and particle size at ≤180 μm.
The effects of the plant:solvent ratio (A – 7.5 100 and 15:100 m/m) and the extraction time (B – 30 and 90 min) on thymol content of extractive solutions were evaluated, using a 2 1 (v/v) of ethanol:water at a temperature of 50 °C, as a solvent system.
Maximum extraction yields regarding PPH, POA, TOA, QAG, and all compounds together were achieved with 50, 63, 62, 69, and 61% (v/v) of hydroethanolic solutions, respectively, linked to a plant:solvent ratio of 0.5 10 (w/v) and an extraction time of 2 h.
Table 1 Chemical characteristics of the extracted solutions Plant Solvent Diluted Name Pastinaca sativa 0.1 N HCl Water A Pastinaca sativa 1 N HCl Ethanol B Pastinaca sativa 0.1 N HCl Ethanol C Pastinaca sativa 1 N HCl Water D Pastinaca sativa 0.1 N HCl Mixture of water and ethanol E Beta vulgaris 0.1 N HCl Ethanol F Beta vulgaris 1 N HCl Ethanol G.
Toluene extract was prepared by maceration method at 1 5 plant: solvent ratio (wt/v), at 60°C for 48 h.
The bark of M. tenuiflora (500 g) was air-dried at room temperature, powdered, and extracted using hot water (100°C) by decoction (plant: solvent, 1 : 10, w/v) for 10 min.
