Restoration of patient anatomy regarding length and offset, in concordance with preoperative planning, was ascertained instrumentally during surgery, regardless of the type of approach.
Age, sex, and health plan membership were ascertained from Kaiser Permanente administrative databases.
Treatment plans and frequency of adverse outcomes were ascertained by questionnaires and medical record review.
Patient characteristics, medication use, cardiovascular events and death were ascertained from self-report and health plan electronic databases through December 2008.
Cases were ascertained from geographically defined populations in Ohio, Colorado, South Carolina, and Washington, among enrollees in several health plans in California and Hawaii, and Indian Health Service beneficiaries from four American Indian populations.
Treatment and follow-up information were ascertained.
Demographic and clinical characteristics were ascertained.
Human SNPs were ascertained in three ways.
Treatment outcomes were ascertained for 225 persons.
Pedigrees were ascertained through a GD proband.
