As with Flight Combat, the game features one million square miles of terrain, planes with individually modelled moving parts and a physics-based damage system.
For a regional aircraft tail-plane skin the modelled cost reduction was 60%.
(a) shows the beam spot positions given by the weighting factors w n within the plane of the modelled sample surface.
The well-known 2D plane strain condition is modelled and validated as a special case of the 3D model.
The scattering of plane acoustic waves at area expansions in flow ducts is analysed using the vortex sheet model where the flow at the expansion is modelled as a jet, with a vortex sheet emanating from the edge.
The propagation medium is modelled with plane surfaces placed so as to reproduce spaces that vary from a simple half-space to a rectangular parallelepiped closed space.
Macro-element (or equivalent frame) modelling and non-linear finite element modelling approaches have important differences, particularly in the way interactions between out-of-plane actions and in-plane shear response can be modelled, and in the way they can represent flexible diaphragms.
All the structural elements are considered as line elements and the floor diaphragms are modelled as rigid in their plane.
Relaxation of a compressive layer will reduce the out of plane lattice constant, which implies that the modelled average Bi content of 5.8% is an underestimate of the real average; this is consistent with the observation of Bi-rich clusters in the layer.
For the non-linear buckling analyses, the tower members were all modelled using beam elements in order to model buckling (out-of-plane deformation).
