The approach taken is to set the review against a background which includes the significance of the grain boundary plane parameter and several methodologies for its investigation in both bicrystals and polycrystals, including high resolution electron microscopy and computer simulation.
Finite element analysis was conducted based on the experimental information in order to assess the ability of two critical plane approaches to predict fretting fatigue crack initiation behavior; the Smith Watson Topper critical plane parameter and the maximum shear stress range critical plane parameter.
The lattice constants i.e. the unit cell parameters 'a' (basal plane parameter) and 'p' (axial ratio) for GaP, are 3.8418 Å and 1.649 [23], respectively.
This is exemplified in the present study by employing two additional FIPs, based on a modified Fatemi-Socie critical-plane parameter and on the Dang Van criterion, respectively.
The hypocentral parameters, and the fault plane parameters, of ten seismic events of magnitude ≥2.5 are shown in Table 2.
Several fatigue damage parameters such as the Smith-Watson-Topper, the Walker-like strain, energy-based parameter in uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions, and multiaxial critical plane parameters are proposed as reference parameters for the probabilistic model.
The plane parameters (determining angles of inclination and the velocity of its motion) are selected to ensure the minimum integral of the time multiplied by the absolute error (ITAE) without violating velocity and input signal constraints.
The accurate estimation of hypocenters and fault plane parameters for small-sized earthquakes recorded by local seismographic networks are essential to understand the ongoing geodynamical processes and the seismotecton-ics of active fault zones (Poupinet et al., 1984; Got et al., 1994; Dodge, 1996; Richards-Dinger and Shearer, 2000).
The 3D digital image was constructed in a virtual 3D space by the CT data, and computer simulation of the radiographic process was carried out to generate virtual digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR), in which the light source and projection plane parameters were set identical to the actual flat panel X-ray detector imaging conditions [ 13]).
The array is grouped into mutually-exclusive patches of size (k×k) and the Hessian plane parameters are computed for each patch.
