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Therefore, the Hoek Brown criterion is investigated analytically through an extended plane of weakness theory, already validated with experimental evidence on physical specimens.
Following the ideas of Lourenco (1996) and Sutcliffle, et al. (1999), the mortar joint, which is a plane of weakness is modeled as an interface of zero thickness.
This extended theory of one plane of weakness is validated against the responses of discrete numerical rock models with various combinations of fracturing.
In this study, the original plane of weakness theory is presented and applied to rock models with various numbers of joint sets persistent or not.
This may cause erroneous results in anisotropic formations such as shales which show strength variations with changing loading directions with respect to the plane of weakness.
The nodule in which the fossil is preserved can be split cleanly in half with a hammer, exposing the fossil that forms a natural plane of weakness in the nodule.
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Masonry is a brittle anisotropic material that exhibits distinct directional properties because the mortar joints act as planes of weakness.
This kind of crystal structure makes graphite a good lubricant, for example, because it can cleave easily across certain planes of weakness.
Arctic bergs tend to be smaller and more randomly shaped than Antarctic bergs and also contain inherent planes of weakness, which can easily lead to further fracturing.
(3) Fault motion during soft sediment deformation can lead to sands injected along the fault plane and along planes of weakness in the footwall to increase sand connectivity.
These sedimentary rocks possess planes of weakness along the horizontal direction in a mine roof and delaminate easily when acted upon by high lateral stresses.
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