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This temperature variation can produce both an in-plane expansion and an out-of-plane (bending) curvature.
Geometrically perfect plates that are restrained from in-plane expansion when slowly and uniformly heated generally develop compressive stresses and then buckle at a specific temperature.
The range of variation in terms of post-ASR shear resistance is extremely scattered, in particular, when ASR results in out-of-plane expansion only.
The influence of volume fiber fraction distributions are studied to match or eliminate an in-plane expansion coefficient, or to match a desired axial stiffness.
Highly tensile strained (up to 2.2%) thin monocrystalline silicon (mc-Si) films were fabricated by a simple and low-cost method based on the in-plane expansion of meso-porous silicon (PS) substrates upon low temperature oxidation.
In thin films, two-domain structures with asymmetric architectures are stable at negative symmetric misfit (in-plane contraction), while two-domain structures with symmetric domain architectures are stable at positive symmetric misfit (in-plane expansion).
As a result, a slight out-of-plane expansion (or tensile strain) is produced in PSi [4].
After release, all peaks are shifted to higher diffraction angle, corresponding to a uniform in-plane expansion of the lattice.
Temperature variation through thickness may cause an in-plane expansion or an out-of-plane curvature or both.
However, an exhaustive review of quantitative studies of infarct remodeling reveals that only half found chronic in-plane expansion, and many reported in-plane compaction.
Bulk Si will block the in-plane contraction of PSi which, in turn, leads to in-plane expansion and out-of-plane contraction of the PSi layer.
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