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(iii) Planar failure surface.
A planar failure surface is considered in the present analysis.
The FOS for the planar failure case can be evaluated using Eq. (4) which is total force resisting sliding to the total force tending to induce sliding [31].
The calculation of FOS of RS-3 (planar failure) and RS-6 (wedge failure) is given in Tables 10 and 11 respectively.
In this study, planar failure surfaces are assumed for both upper and lower segments of the wall, as suggested in Greco [5].
The results based on planar failure analysis, the RS-2 and RS-3 having FOS < 1 are more unstable for slope failure.
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Rock/debris slides normally occur along a recognisable slip surface, which can be translational (along a near-planar failure surface) or rotational (along a circular failure surface).
The analysis results indicate that stability of the final pit slopes is sensitive to multi-planar failures and confined water in the coal seam is also a factor adversely affecting the stability.
The planar shear failure of cross layer in the zone between loading point and support point was the typical failure mode of CLT and HCLT in bending test.
The rock avalanche initiated as a planar sliding failure with volume of approximately 91 Mm3.
The planar Hashin's failure criteria with CDM degradation models controlled by energy-dissipation constants are implemented in ABAQUS, but only available for shell elements.
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