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The incident solar irradiation comprises direct beam and circumsolar radiation emanating from the solar disk, equivalent to a solid angle of 6.87 × 10−5 steradians (about 0.5° planar angle), and isotropic diffuse-solar radiation36.
The function then is documented via scores such as the Constant score [ 3] or via planar angle measurements with a manual goniometer (Neutral-0-Method [ 4]) quantifying typically the abduction of the arm relative to the thorax.
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Three-dimensional joint rotations and planar angles were calculated according to anatomically based reference frames.
The time-histories of the joint rotations and planar angles were well repeatable among subjects and consistent with clinical and biomechanical knowledge.
In the clinical setting a seemingly intuitive assessment of planar angles in static shoulder poses is performed by universal goniometry.
The planar angles between two adjacent bonds on the backbone are almost constants, so are the lengths of the bonds.
However, to determine coordinates of the six backbone atoms of a nucleotide, we also need two planar angles θ, ψ and another torsion α on bond P−O5′.
The specificity of this anatomical zero position definition is that it closely resembles the intuitive measurement process of planar angles at the shoulder complex with universal goniometry to tie in with the experiences of orthopedists.
The non-planar fractures can be obtained by combinations of multiple wings with varied non-planar angle (NPA) and length.
It was found that the motion of planar low angle grain boundaries as well as planar high angle boundaries can be induced by the imposed external stress and that the dependence of the activation enthalpies for grain boundary motion on the misorientation angle is different for planar and curved <111>-grain boundaries.
Crystal structure analysis of 1a showed a C H⋯O distance of 2.05 Å and a nearly planar torsion angle C(2)–C(1)–C(7)–C(8) of 6.5°, indicating intramolecular C H⋯O H-bond formation in the solid state.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com