It is important to understand how the hydrological system in the Himalayan region is likely to respond to future changes in climate, the differences in impact in the headwaters, transition, and plain zones, and the implications for water availability.
The changes associated with climate may severely affect water availability, agricultural production, and hydropower generation in downstream areas (Immerzeel et al. [2010]), and thus have an impact on the livelihoods of a large number of people living in the transition and flood plain zones.
wetland, buildup, agricultural land, current fallow land, scrub land, plantation and flood plain zone.
Based on the groundwater draft, this district falls under critical category, and based on the agro-climatic zonation, it falls under western plain zone characterized by semi-arid (dry to sub-moist) climate zone.
The borehole under study was located at the front edge of the piedmont plain zone, which was less influenced by base-level changes associated with sea-level fluctuations during the Pleistocene (Li, 1994; Wu et al., 1996a, b).
The subtropical plain zone comprises four districts, namely, Imphal East, Imphal West, Thoubal, and Bishnupur district.
**AP - Andhra Pradesh, BR - Bihar, CG - Chhattisgarh, DL - Delhi, GJ - Gujarat, HR - Haryana, HP - Himachal Pradesh, KA - Karnataka, MP - Madhya Pradesh, MH - Maharashtra, PB - Punjab, UP - Uttar Pradesh, UK - Uttarakhand, ***CZ - Central zone, NEPZ - North east plain zone, NHZ - Northillll zone, NWPZ - North west plain zone and SZ - South zone.
Sampling was done from nine different districts of Manipur comprising four distinct agroclimatic zones, namely, (i) subtropical plain zone, (ii) subtropical hill zone, (iii) temperate sub-Alpine zone, and (iv) midtropical hill zone, which differ in their geographic location, altitude, and climate.
The diversity and occurrence of Trichoderma species reported from four different agroclimatic zones of Manipur, namely, (i) subtropical plain zone, (ii) subtropical hill zone, (iii) temperate sub-Alpine zone, and (iv) midtropical hill zone, clearly indicate that the climatic topography and soil type are a major factor in the species distribution of Trichoderma.
Soil arthropods were monitored seasonally for two years in organic, conventional and integrated olive orchards, located in hilly and plain agroecological zones of Crete, Greece.
Figure 17 Evolution of surface roughness, evaluated over the entire surface or a central zone, total zone (plain curve), on a central zone (dotted curve) (a) and locally (b).
