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With a plain approximation that frac{i+r-1}{N}approx frac{i+r}{N} text{,and,} frac{i+c-1}{N}approx frac{i+c}{N}, (14).
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These authors hence showed that a 2D plain strain approximation is applicable to shearing with parallel tools.
For a correct comparison, either the simulations need to be in three dimensions and the triaxiality taken on the surface or the calculations from measured strains need to be done with the same plain strain approximation.
It was observed that, with the removal of fibres, the developed model can reverse to the model of plain concrete, and the prediction yields a close and mostly conservative approximation of the ultimate strength.
Three-dimensional stress analysis in a unit-cell of a plain-woven composite was performed by using B-spline displacement approximation.
Yes, to begin with, it's plain that a figure as round and level as 8% could only ever be an approximation of actuarially equivalent adjustment for delaying benefits, and I'm not going to claim I have the tools at hand to calculate the "correct" adjustment factors.
For example, the orthodontist Ricketts has pointed out that although the ratio phi, equal to 1.1618 and known as the divine proportion, may be seen in many biologic forms and its approximation may characterize certain relations of the normal human face, it does not distinguish beautiful from plain (Ref 4).
(Their approximation: "mischievous mating").
Part II: approximation schemes.
(That is an approximation).
Parabolic approximation.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com