Case 3 was the exception noting two King LT® placement attempts.
Prospective observational study in which 50 US-guided PICC placement attempts are analyzed.
Most [82.6% (57/69)] reported that they had little or no experience (zero to nine actual attempts) with ultrasound-guided vascular access before participating in this study; 100% of placement attempts were successful, and no placement required more than three attempts.
Most intravenous placement attempts were successful, regardless of technique.
In our study, narrow-bore enteral feeding tubes were inserted into the tracheopulmonary system in 2% of placement attempts.
In infants receiving an IV-line, time point and duration (defined as time between skin disinfection and stabilization of the IV-line with a band) of successful and unsuccessful IV-line placement attempts were determined.
The main reasons for failed LMA placement attempts included inadequate seal, failure of the participant to position the LMA and patient-related factors such as difficult airways, light anaesthesia or edentulous patients.
The number of unsuccessful placement attempts was none in the UBBR group (0/10) and one in the CBBR group (1/10), two in the UBBL group (2/10) and five in the CBBL group (5/10).
Real-time ultrasound guidance significantly decreased the risk for jugular and subclavian catheter placement failure (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.18 0.55), for complications during catheter placement (RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.10 0.45) and for multiple catheter placement attempts (RR 0.6, 95% CI 0.45 0.79) as compared with the standard landmark placement technique [ 16].
Two meta-analyses exploring the role of real-time two-dimensional ultrasound for central vein cannulation concluded that, compared with the landmark method, ultrasound-guided venous access increases the probability of successful catheter placement and reduces the risk of complications, the need for multiple catheter placement attempts, and the time required for the procedure.
