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In 2003, a survey found that 48% of Danish GPs use what they regarded as a placebo intervention – mostly antibiotics for viral infections or vitamins for unspecified fatigue – 10 or more times per year.
Especially regarding smoking a placebo intervention would be quite difficult to establish.
One other major limitation is that we did not apply any placebo intervention.
Rather, results suggest that the placebo intervention specifically reduced systolic blood pressure.
dBP was also significantly increased 5 min after the Glu injection after the systemic placebo intervention, (P < 0.001).
To investigate and validate a new placebo intervention for spinal manipulative therapy clinical trials, i.e. sham manipulation, and investigate the feasibility of a short de-blinding questionnaire.
For example, nausea reduction in women could only be achieved when the placebo intervention was "enhanced" by conditioning, while men responded primarily to verbally suggested improvement.
The insula ipsilateral to the site of needling was activated to a greater extent during real acupuncture than during the placebo intervention.
The aim of the experiment was to lower blood pressure by a placebo intervention and to investigate the specificity of autonomic changes.
In conclusion, the reduction in systolic blood pressure following the placebo intervention could not be attributed to stress relief or anxiety reduction.
Fear was induced by the anticipation of electric shock in order to investigate whether fear reduced the effectiveness of a placebo intervention on reported pain and the acoustic startle reflex.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com