PLs mainly degrade glycosaminoglycans and pectin [ 1, 23].
PLs are not as important as GHs and CEs for wheat straw degradation, as PLs mainly target pectin, a structure which is also degraded by enzymes of many GH families, including GH family 28[2626].
KO, extracted from Antarctic krill (Euphavsia superba) [ 86], is a relatively new source rich in n-3 HPUFAs in the form of PLs, mainly PC, rather than TAGs; the proportion of PLs in the total lipids of krill has been reported to vary between 30 and 60%, depending on krill species, age, season, and harvest time [ 87].
Hence, we consider that this PL band mainly originated from the luminescence of the Si=O states in the matrix.
Firstly, the possibility that the PL enhancement mainly comes from the localization of excitons, i.e., quantum confinement, is ruled out, simply because of the two factors.
Among 11 agronomic traits, PH, HD, KGW and PL were mainly controlled by GCA effects, and major QTLs were detected for these traits (sd1, Ghd8, qKGW2 and DEP1 (Che et al. 2015; Huang et al. 2009; Sasaki et al. 2002; Yan et al. 2011)) (Figs. 3 and 4).
PLs are mainly located in the outer leaflet and are organized as a liquid-disordered phase coexisting with a liquid-ordered phase (also called a lipid raft) and the latter is rich in sphingomyelin and cholesterol [ 20, 21].
GHs are the enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing the glycosidic bond between carbohydrates or between a carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate moiety, whereas PLs are mainly responsible for the degradation of pectins and glycosaminoglycans [ 29].
As we know, PL emission spectra mainly result from the recombination of free carriers.
The coverage of the SWNT surface clearly influences observed PL band parameters (mainly intensity and spectral position) [14, 15].
As seen in Figure 3c, the PL spectrum is mainly constituted by the Gaussian peaks around 500 and 575 nm.
