A number of organizations have set standards for pipes and their fittings, using various terms to define pipe characteristics or pressures applied to pipes or pipe systems.
A technically sound design analysis of buried pipes should consider pipe characteristics, internal and external loads, and surrounding conditions such as backfill and side fill materials, installation depth, compaction quality, and road superstructure loads.
The uncertainties in corrosion sizes and pipe characteristics actuate the residual strength model to be a probabilistic model rather than a deterministic one.
Data on pipe characteristics were obtained from water utilities or reported by participants.
The relative delivered dose was estimated using an algorithm that accounted for residential history, water flow, and pipe characteristics.
This model uses data on specific pipe characteristics to estimate the quantity of PCE entering the drinking water.
In this study, GIS software made it possible to create detailed maps with pipe characteristics, land parcels to represent water users, and participants' residential locations.
A relative delivered dose of PCE that entered a home was estimated using an algorithm that took into account residential history, water flow, and pipe characteristics.
Relative delivered dose of PCE was estimated using a model that took into account residential location, years of residence, water flow, and pipe characteristics.
As a first step, we created a GIS schematic depicting the water source locations; pipe characteristics; and nodes, which are points of water consumption.
