(Paris gave the Perrier brothers a contract to pipe water to the city in 1782).
Arid regions with the means to pay (Southern California, the Persian Gulf States) already pipe water in from wetter areas.
A project to pipe water into the city failed to include drainage, so raw sewage fouls the unpaved streets.
"We've been elected to serve our people, to collect the trash, to build sewers, to pipe water — that is what we are here to do," she said.
The consortium had also agreed to finish a stalled dam project known as Misicuni, which would pipe water through the mountains.
Crucially, Lafontant worked with an American church group to hire engineers to pipe water from the dammed river into a communal spigot.
"We want to catch it before we get to the point of having to pipe water in from the mainland," she said.
Israel has said it takes a "grave view" of Lebanon's plan to pipe water to southern villages from the Wazzani Springs, three miles north of the Israeli border.
The risks lie not just in the harmful effects of inhaling, like cancer and heart disease, he said, but in the transmission of tuberculosis through the pipe water.
Clever use of gravity and the advent of mechanized pumping made it possible to pipe water from hundreds of miles away or from aquifers deep underground.
Compared with experimental data, an ideal agreement is found between calculation results and experimental data for both single pipe water curtain and double pipe water curtain, only in the case of triplex pipe water curtain the deviation between calculation and experiment is more than 25%.
