(Since this water is inside pipes, the magnitude of the flows are invisible without special measurement.
The magnitude of pipe displacements increased significantly with the decrease of the pipe depth within the active soil zone.
In addition, parametric analyses using the extended analytical model with due consideration for initial residual stresses has produced practical recommendations for estimating the maximum residual stress magnitude at the pipe's crown position and around the pipe's circumference for a range of pipe sizes (outer diameter between 8in and 16in).
The soil deformations were found to be induced on the underground pipes to such magnitudes as to cause them to fail, especially in the case of small diameter pipes (i.e. < 200 mm).
Corrosion rates are calculated versus the magnitude of the pipe potential change caused by discharging telluric current for different values of the Kp geomagnetic index.
It was observed that the end restraints of flexible pipes did not have an influence on the maximum displacement magnitudes of the pipe (d/D), however it affected the distribution of displacement along the pipeline.
Among the key issues are the minimum temperature in the pipe wall during depressurization and the magnitude of pressure oscillations during transient operation.
The correlations for the tangential dispersion indicate that the local mixing intensity of CTF is of the same order of magnitude as in coiled pipe flow.
On a time scale that is orders of magnitude shorter than the pipe cooling time, the influence of initial conditions on the solution vanishes and the pressure evolution is controlled by internal dynamics of the pipe cooling that is described by the model developed here.
The numerical modeling shows that the daily energy loss can vary in magnitudes, as determined by pipe burial depth.
However, there exists a threshold point at high flow rates, after which no matter how much the pipe rotation speed is increased, the magnitudes of cuttings volume and annular pressure drop almost remain constant.
