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In addition, specialized PIP interaction sites have been identified, such as the pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, that function as a more specific PIP binding pocket.
At this point, there are experimental data suggesting the existence of multiple distinct types of PIP interaction sites in the TRP superfamily, all of which are characterized by an abundance of positively charged residues.
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Distinct binding modes, corresponding to different distributions of cationic residues on the PH domain, were observed, involving PIP interactions at either the "canonical" (C) and/or "alternate" (A) sites.
Experiments addressing the mechanism, regulation and consequences of htt-PIP interactions are currently being pursued.
Recently, a mammalian reovirus muNS-derived platform for visualizing protein associations inside cells was developed and termed PIP (protein interaction platform; [21]).
When no PIPs interacted with the cleft or the PD, PTEN again showed transient interaction of the PD with the bilayer.
Most known interactors bind to the interdomain connecting loop of PCNA [2] through the so-called PIP (PCNA interacting protein) box, and the emerging picture reveals a flexible interaction that requires more than one mode of interaction [31].
Interactions usually involve the so-called interdomain connector loop (IDCL) of PCNA and a motif termed PCNA-interacting peptide (PIP box) on the interaction partner (Warbrick 1998).
The protein interactions considered include all protein pairs predicted by the human protein-protein interaction predictor PIPs to interact with a posterior odds ratio above 4 [ 37, 38] as well as protein pairs annotated as interacting in HPRD [ 31] and IntAct [ 39].
Multivariable analysis of all Dutch data showed significant effects of all three variables, ab, age and pIP (P < 0.0001); interaction effects were not significant (P > 0.05).
To test the hypothesis that the putative SMCX PIP box mediates the interaction with PCNA and loading SMCX onto chromatin, we mutated three of the conserved residues within the PIP box (F, L and Q; Figure 6), and investigated whether these mutant proteins associate with PCNA and chromatin.
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