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Considerable savings were apparent when moving from a pinned connection to a semi-rigid connection.
Currently, low-rise metal buildings are designed based on a zero rotational stiffness (pinned connection) assumption at the column-bases.
This can also result in more lettable floor space due to reduced column sizes and the possibility of adding another floor for the same total height compared with the pinned connection.
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Lifting (and tailing) lugs are pinned connections consisting of a pin extended through the lughole connected to a shackle or a link-pin arrangement.
Although generally designed to behave as pinned connections, this type of joint is generally semi-rigid and partial strength, thus providing a reserve of strength against progressive collapse.
The proposed bending moment functions for the BRBs with traditional pinned connections, however, were found to be too complicated from practical view.
Another case is rehabilitation of steel braced frames with pinned connections whose high relative displacements during an earthquake increase the collision probability for adjacent structures.
A formula is proposed for the calculation of the shear strength of pinned connections, which can be used in seismic design.
In this paper, welded haunches as a technique for rehabilitation of bolted T-stub connections with weak bolts or weak T-stub flange as well as a technique for changing pinned connections to moment connections is experimentally investigated.
Web members in cold-formed steel trusses are usually assumed to have pinned connections at the ends, but the latest AISI Cold-Formed Steel Truss Design Stallows allows for the joint stiffness to be considered in design.
A study of the pin and the plate material dissimilarity was done by Iyer [Iyer, K., 2001. Solutions for contact in pinned connections. Int. J. Solids Struct. 38 50), 9133 9148] but still different aspects of the problem are remained to be mentioned.
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