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These methods make it significantly harder for a criminal to obtain PINs even if he fully observes the entire input and output of a PIN entry procedure.
He cancels the transaction on PIN entry screen.
The application of OpenRISA is illustrated with examples from a PIN Entry Device case study.
Fig. 3 Contextual risk management system architecture He cancels the transaction on PIN entry screen.
In this paper, we present alternative PIN entry methods to which we refer as cognitive trapdoor games.
We also introduce the idea of probabilistic cognitive trapdoor games, which offer resilience to shoulder surfing even if the criminal records a PIN entry procedure with a camera.
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We also present a new PIN-entry method that improves the performance of this simple transformation.
It is desirable for a PIN-entry method to be secure against two main security threats, random guessing attacks and recording attacks.
Although there have been many proposals for challenge-response-based PIN-entry methods, it is well known that the only way to prevent both attacks is to physically prevent attackers from observing the challenge-response pairs, which motivates the development of PIN-entry methods that use secure secondary channels such as audio signals.
Our user study shows that the PIN-entry time of the proposed method is shorter than those of the previous audio-based methods, while its error rate is kept as low as that of the previous methods.
To provide a guideline for designing an audio-based PIN-entry method, we propose a simple framework to transform a non-audio-based method into an audio-based one.
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