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The left subplot depicts the Comb-type I pilot structure; the middle subplot the Comb-type II pilot structure, and the right subplot the Block-type pilot structure.
The authors discuss the constraints and pay particular attention to the control signaling and pilot structure.
A comb-type pilot structure is used in the OFDMA frames.
Fig. 7 BERs of the proposed WFRFT-based pilot structure with different WFRFT orders.
Figure 3 Simplified TDD frame and pilot structure needed for (a) UL beamforming, (b) UL/DL beamforming.
In addition, a novel pilot structure based on WFRFT is proposed to obtain better BER performance after channel estimation.
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Figure 8 Channel estimation performance versus channel length for different pilot structures at SNR = 40 dB.
We have compared the performance of three different pilot structures, all conform the proposed design criteria.
Note that extensions to other pilot structures may also be possible after certain modifications.
Pilot structures can have a great impact on both channel identifiability and estimation performance.
Figure 7 Condition number versus channel length for different pilot structures.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com