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Multicarrier signals show a flexible allocation of data and pilot resources that facilitates the adoption of the JML estimator.
From previous analysis, we also know the system average spectral efficiency is influenced not only by the virtual cell radius but also by path loss exponent and the pilot resources blocks.
Contrary to conventional single-cell schemes that suppress interference using only channel estimates for intra-cell users, our scheme shows the optimal way to suppress both intra-cell and inter-cell interference instantaneously by fully utilizing the available pilot resources.
For the FD MM with linear transceiver [64], we assume that there is no downlink reciprocity, hence the SE performance is greatly reduced as a result of the heavy cost of pilot resources.
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An exception[12] studied the pilot sequence design which matters little about pilot resource consumption.
Npilot is the total number of pilot resource blocks dedicated for channel state estimation.
And simulation results show that the proposed pilot design can achieve a significant performance improvement with reduced pilot resource consumption compared with the conventional orthogonal pilots.
In order to reduce the pilot resource cost used for channel estimation, we resort BEM to represent massive MIMO channel in the BD.
Although they tried to alleviate the pilot contamination between multiple cells, they still use orthogonal pilots in a single cell, which implies large pilot resource consumption, especially for short coherence interval.
In [99], a novel semi-orthogonal pilot design for massive MIMO wireless systems is developed to reduce the pilot resource consumption where a successive interference cancelation (SIC -based channel eSIC -basedis employed to manage the interferenchannelestimationnd pisot.
Figure 1 illustrates an example of an uplink pilot resource grid over one RB spanning 12 subcarriers with a total of 24 user-transmitting pilots across 6 OFDM symbols.
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