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Next, we column-wise shifted I p until the pilot estimate in B p was flat, resulting in the quasi-polar images I q and B q (Figs. 1 e) and 1(f)).
The new pilot estimate consisted of connected pixels in I c ranging from 0.95 T max to T max in intensity, where T max was the maximum intensity in I c that coincided with B c = 1, and 0.95 T max was determined empirically to avoid thresholding adjacent cones.
Individual cones were then analyzed by order of decreasing intensity, where I c a l l and B c a l l were cropped about the centroid of the cone's pilot estimate to generate the 21 × 21 pixel images I c and B c ; cropping the images enabled a faster computation time, and the ten pixel buffer on all sides of the centroid ensured that the target cone was not cropped out of I c.
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In this paper, (boldsymbol {hat {H}_{c}}) is obtained from a linear interpolation between the least squares (LS) sub-channel pilot estimates, (boldsymbol {hat {H}_{p}}), where begin{array}{*{20}l} boldsymbol{hat{H}_{p}} &= boldsymbol{Y_{p}} left/ boldsymbol{X_{p}}.right.right
In brief, we used maxima operators to obtain pilot estimates of prominent cones.
Pilot estimates for other cones contained within B c were removed, and the remaining cone estimate in B c was refined using thresholding.
Second, consider creating a sample size table for various values of the effect or variance estimates to acknowledge the uncertainty surrounding the pilot estimates.
This resulted in the binary image B c a l l, where values of 1 corresponded to pilot estimates of cones.
Data in Table 2 demonstrates the expected power to detect differences among Soldiers experiencing LBP using pilot estimates from George et al [ 44].
Any pilot estimates lying outside already-segmented cone locations (Figs. 2(a) and 2(b), white) were segmented using the same quasi-polar GTDP technique, with the modification to the weighting matrix as shown in Eq. (3).
To further identify any missed cones, we obtained pilot estimates of the cones using a second method: image deblurring using maximum likelihood blind deconvolution [ 50– 52] (deconvblind function in MATLAB) with a Gaussian point spread function of half the mean radius of already segmented cones, followed by locating all regional maxima with a pixel connectivity of eight.
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