Exact(1)
Any other interpretation risks substantial harm of the sort that my sleeping pill example illustrates.
Similar(59)
To illustrate this idea, suppose that in the birth control pills example (2.5.2) the original population $T$ includes both genders.
Ironically, as Hitchcock goes on to note, a similar observation may be made about the birth control pills example (2.5.2) originally devised by Salmon to illustrate the failure of the DN model to capture the notion of explanatory relevance.
In the pills example, relative inequality measures say that (relative) inequality is larger before the switch to the shortfall distribution cf.
In the pills example, the percentage increase for group A would have to be more than 125%, and the percentage increase for group B would have to be less than 83%.
In the pills example in Kjellsson et al., moving from the original shortfall distribution to the blue distribution, which keeps relative inequality unchanged, involves giving both groups the same percentage increase in life expectancy.
Table shows the values of the concentration index and the generalized concentration index for the various distributions in the Kjellsson et al. pills example; the generalized concentration index measures absolute inequality and is the analogue of the slope index of inequality.
The pills example in Kjellsson et al. helped me stumble on what is, as far as I know, a new result, namely that although it does matter when it comes to analyzing (relative) inequality, the choice between attainment and shortfalls does not apparently matter when it comes to analyzing changes in inequality.
Subsequent work generalized W to nonbinary-bounded variables, and showed that the normalization W solves not only the bounds problem (like the concentration index for an unbounded variable, W lies between −1 and +1) but also the mirror problem (in the Kjellsson et al. pills example, both the initial attainment and initial shortfall distributions give the same [absolute] value of W, namely 0.133).
One Viagra pill, for example, the most common way to treat erection problems, costs about $15.
They must make sure the compound is otherwise suitable -- that it can be made into a pill, for example.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com