In the paper, six different forms (pile arrangement within two, three, four; pile arrangement outside two, three, four) were studied for temperature effect in the next 50 years.
Furthermore, the pile arrangement can influence the impact caused by separation distance.
Different pile arrangement scenarios with a constant material volume and a fixed height are comprehensively investigated.
Design parameters including the pile arrangement (square vs. triangular spacing) and orientation (X vs. +) of the X-shaped piling were also taken into consideration.
Results suggest that changing pile arrangement space as well as pile configuration can reduce dust emissions in the open storage yard.
This study can help practicing engineers choose pile and raft parameters in combination with the concentrated pile arrangement method to produce an economical design.
There was a pile arrangement zone for the slope in which the piles had a small contribution to the increase of the safety factor, and the zone provided an important reference for the pile reinforcement design.
The study shows that the concentrated pile arrangement method can help to considerably reduce the total and differential settlements as well as the induced bending moments of the raft.
Comparing to the uniformly granular pile arrangement, GPA1, the granular piles arrangement, GPA5, causes a decrease in the maximum and differential displacements by 12.7 and 80%, respectively.
As shown in Figs. 26 and 27, the granular pile arrangement, GPA5, has the smallest vertical and differential displacements.
The granular pile arrangement, GPA5, has the smallest value of positive bending moment and the highest value of negative bending moment as shown in Fig. 28.
