Sentence examples for pile head from inspiring English sources
Typically, the pile head may be unrestrained (free) head as the pile head is allowed to rotate, or restrained (fixed) head condition where no pile head rotation is permitted.
Conventional design of such structure adopts fixity at base level of superstructure and pile head.
The fixity of the pile head affects its load displacement under lateral loading.
In this paper the Broms theory for cohesionless soils is extended to account for an arbitrary position of the pile head, considering embedded as well as over-ground restrained and free pile head.
The following four pile design optimization cases were considered with similar study criteria as the Isola della Scala Bridge: (a) a pinned pile head for semi-integral abutment, (b) a fixed pile head without a pre-hole, (c) a fixed pile head with a pre-hole of any depth, (d) a fixed pile head of a pre-hole with a depth limit (< 2 m) allowing for enough embedded length for the friction pile.
Three different combinations (design cases) of pile head constraints and soil conditions were considered, which are commonly encountered in practice.
The response of the pile is presented in terms of the stiffness and damping coefficients, and also the magnitude and phase of the pile-head frequency response function.
The pile-group effect is taken into account through the influence coefficients among piles which are defined for interstory drifts and pile-head bending moments.
An x y grid is placed on the pile-head and high resolution images are captured through a DSLR camera, remotely.
The results of the tests indicate that pile-head motion is dominated by two sequential frequencies: a lower frequency (fSSI) where pile-head motion is substantially maximized and a higher one (fpSSI) where the response is minimized with respect to free field surface motion.
It is found that velocity-based intensity measures are the most efficient in predicting the pile response, which is measured in terms of maximum curvature or pile-head displacement.
