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Human and ruminant fecal markers were identified in 41 and 14% of the water samples, respectively, whereas the pig marker was never detected in the river water.
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In the case of the pig markers, we obtained the physical positions of the gene-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms from the Ensembl database (Flicek et al. 2011).
The widely used pig-specific marker Pig-2-Bac yielded a product with some muskrat feces, suggesting that it lacks specificity required to establish the significance of swine production in areas inhabited by muskrats.
In addition, this BBU WG-RH map, containing 2621 markers, is the most dense among the first-generation RH maps produced for other domestic species, such as pig (757 markers) [ 31], cattle (1087 markers) [ 32], horse (730 markers) [ 29], cat (600 markers) [ 33] and dog (400 markers) [ 30].
The limitations faced by these studies, may be related to different factors such as, homogeneous sampling (only domestic pigs), low marker density, non-uniform distribution of SNPs along pig chromosomes and/or a lack of specially designed non-polymorphic probes which is necessary to identify CNVR with higher resolution [ 40].
Of the 12 pig-specific markers, 8 were homologous with known sequences, which suggests that these markers become pig-specific by point mutations in the AFLP primer annealing site(s) rather than by genomic rearrangement.
The model performance seems to be reasonably robust to the number of markers: in the pig data 10,000 20,000 markers produced almost identical accuracies with all of the response types.
Consequently, there is a need to investigate other methods of controlling the disease such as improving the disease resistance of pig populations through marker assisted selection.
These two panels have been used extensively for the physical mapping of pig genes and markers prior to the availability of the pig genome sequence.
Pigs are the most important currency in the west Papuan highlands region and possessing pigs is a reliable marker of Yali wealth (e.g., wives are bought with pigs).
Thus, the haemolytic activity is a very good marker for pig pathogenic E. coli.
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