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Exact(8)
Set of pickup nodes (suppliers).
A novel representation of candidate solutions is designed for the selection of pickup nodes.
A fixed-length representation is presented to indicate the varying number of vehicles used and the selection of pickup nodes.
The problem formulation features relaxing the requirement of visiting all pickup nodes and enabling multiple vehicles for achieving transportation efficiency.
Furthermore, we devise four operators for TS, GA, and SS to handle the selection of pickup nodes, number of vehicles used, and their routes.
This study presents a novel problem formulation, called the selective pickup and delivery problem (SPDP), by relaxing the constraint that all pickup nodes must be visited.
Similar(52)
In the following, we will refer to the origin or pickup node of a request i by i, and to its destination or drop off node by n + i. Users specify time windows for either the origin or the destination.
In such systems, the pickup and delivery nodes are corresponding and there is a one-to-one relationship between supplier and customer.
The problem is to design a set of routes for vehicle fleets servicing pickup and delivery nodes with defined demands and time windows to achieve the minimum transportation and fixed costs.
The solution of our problem with P pickup and D delivery nodes and K vehicles is represented by a permutation of (P + K − 1) numbers for pickup, (D + K − 1) for delivery and (P + D + 2K − 2) for a complete solution.
Each node n (pickup or delivery) has a time window [ e n, l n ].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com