This finding suggests that our juvenile cod were not stressed under these conditions, and that the differences observed in the pIC response of fish exposed to elevated temperatures may not have been the result of transcriptional changes driven by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR).
GO term enrichment analysis was performed to compare the pIC response at different temperatures using Fisher's exact test as implemented by GOSSIP in the Blast2GO software with a p-value cutoff of <0.01.
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These critical shortages of technical expertise for emergency response in PICs were reportedly, at times, filled by international HRH.
WHO asserts that the capacity of the health-care sector to respond to disasters is a determinant of overall adaptive capacity of human resources for health in disaster response in PICs [ 18, 19].
The following themes from the analysis of the findings are suggested as being essential for the health-care system, in the four case study PICs, to effectively adapt disaster response in the climate change context.
It is possible that the significantly reduced magnitude of induction by pIC observed for some immune-relevant genes (e.g. DHX58, STAT1, SCYA123, IL-8) in Atlantic cod held at 16°C and sampled at 24HPI compared with pIC-injected fish held at 10°C and sampled at 24HPI may have been a result of the activation of the cellular stress response in these animals prior to the 24HPI time point.
A positive relationship was observed between birefringence and PIC, with response falling off as the total particle concentration and the relative abundance of non-CaCO3 particles in the sample increased.
However, it suggests that the differences in response to pIC between fish held at 10 vs. 16°C were not caused by an enhanced sensitivity to double-stranded RNA due to an over-expression of TLR3 in the spleens of fish held at 16°C and injected with pIC.
In order to study the effect of the gradual temperature increase on the cod spleen transcript expression response to pIC, we performed two direct comparisons: pIC 6HPI@16°C vs. pIC 6HPI@10°C and pIC 24HPI@16°C vs. pIC 24HPI@10°C.
Thus, it is still not clear what impacts the observed temperature-dependent modulation of DHX58 response to pIC could have in the anti-viral immunity of cod.
