Starling applied the term "hormone" to such chemicals in 1905, proposing a chemical regulation of physiological processes operating in conjunction with nervous regulation; this essentially was the beginning of the field of endocrinology.
Other authors have examined the physiological constraints operating placed upon the cell in order to infer chromosomal structure.
One of these studies targeted the upper-limb muscles, which may have different physiological pathways operating for control of muscle action compared with postural muscles such as the quadriceps in the lower limb.
In this context, even very slow enzymatic activities at physiological pH, operating on a time scale of hours to days rather than minutes, may suffice to create great havoc.
While the Arabidopsis genus provides invaluable model plants for enhancing our understanding of plant biology, it does not represent all the diverse developmental, environmental and physiological processes operating in the plant kingdom.
Isoglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamps were used in the present study in order to observe the physiological mechanisms operating at ambient plasma glucose concentrations in the diabetic and control subjects, and in respect of the primary comparison between acipimox and placebo studies in the diabetic subjects, clamp glucose levels were similar.
Neural networks operating as physiological control systems regulate energy homeostasis.
It seems likely that similar physiological mechanisms operate in human females as in other mammalian species [12], [26], since sex ratio variation seems to arise around conception in relation to maternal condition [27].
In order to improve the outcome, tissue engineering can offer an alternative approach to design and fabricate innovative heart valves capable to support the requested function and to promote the formation of a novel, viable and correctly operating physiological structure.
