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Evaluating the dependency of uncertainty in cloud feedback on physics schemes is also an ongoing issue.
Recently, uncertainty due to the behavior of physics schemes implemented in climate models has been addressed by single or multi-model frameworks.
Recently, observational constraints of the low cloud feedback and evaluation of possible uncertainty ranges including sensitivity of physics schemes have much advanced.
Gettelman et al. (2012) and Watanabe et al. (2012b) developed multi-physics ensembles (MPEs) by swapping model physics schemes between two climate models (old and new versions of the model).
The second to fourth columns from the left indicate the implemented physics schemes (blank indicates a scheme identical to MIROC5A, and MIROC3 indicates a scheme identical to MIROC3 climate model; see Table 3 in Shiogama et al. 2014 for details).
Swapping physics schemes like cumulus convection may result in a different behavior of cloud in a control climate and its change in a perturbed climate (Watanabe et al. 2012b).
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The new ISBA physics scheme led to a notable improvement in the discharge simulation in western and northeastern France, where no aquifers were simulated by the MODCOU model.
Wave model run times were optimised through the choice of source term physics scheme and application of a spherical multi-cell grid.
We use the Yonsei University scheme (YSU), which is the WRF default setting and appropriate for the mesoscale modeling, for the boundary layer scheme and the MM5 scheme for the surface layer physics scheme (Hong et al. 2006).
The development and verification of such reference high-fidelity coupled multi-physics scheme is performed at the Pennsylvania State University (PSU) in cooperation with AREVA, AREVA NP GmbH in Erlangen, Germany, on the basis of MCNP5, NEM, NJOY and COBRA-TF (CTF) computer codes.
In this paper, the resulting non-Newtonian non-Darcy fractional-derivatives flux equations are solved using physics-preserving averaging schemes that incorporates both, original and shifted, Grünwald-Letnikov (GL) approximation formulas preserving the physics, by reducing the shifting effects, while maintaining the stability of the system, by keeping one shifted expansion.
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